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Ernest Hemingway

89 years ago · 1937 — Hotel Florida, Madrid

Dramatized

Madrid. February. The shells come over the Casa de Campo at eleven each morning, regular as a mail train. I write in the Hotel Florida with a pencil stub, standing because the chair makes me sleep. The telephone works only when it pleases. I have seen a man die on the Gran Vía, stepping out for cigarettes. The Republicans say they will hold. I do not know if they will hold. But I know I must see it, must not look away. This is not the war I knew in Italy. This is something new and worse, and the men fighting it believe in something. That belief is the story. I am thirty-seven and still learning what a war costs.

Explain more

I came to Spain for the North American Newspaper Alliance. I thought I understood war. I did not. The International Brigades—men from Pittsburgh, Berlin, Paris—fought with a conviction I had not seen in the trenches. I filed dispatches. I drank too much coffee. I watched Madrid starve with dignity. The material gathered here would take three years to become a novel. I did not know that yet. I knew only that a writer who turns from what is difficult becomes a liar by omission.

Why it matters

Spain taught me that political war and personal war are the same wound. The novelist cannot stand apart. For Whom the Bell Tolls exists because I stood in the shelling and did not flatter either side.

Try today

Witness something that discomforts you. Do not write your opinion. Write what you saw, what was said, what the light did. The opinion will take care of itself.

What is true / dramatized: Dramatized. Educational entertainment — not a primary historical source.

Hemingway's 1937 journalism from Madrid and the Jarama front informed his 1940 novel For Whom the Bell Tolls. He reported for the North American Newspaper Alliance and helped produce the documentary The Spanish Earth.

Difficulty: medium · ~3 min

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